Helicopter Antisubmarine Operations Essay Research Paper Helicopter free essay sample

Helicopter Antisubmarine Operations Essay, Research Paper Helicopter Antisubmarine Operations by for SA367, Mathematical Modeling 09 November 2000 Drumhead The intent of this study was to find whether the effectivity of the antisubmarine warfare chopper would be enhanced if an extra gunman would be added to its warhead. As of now, the chopper carried two gunmans for its missions. It was found that in developing the theoretical account, an estimation of the chance of killing a pigboat was based on the distance to reach data point and the figure of gunmans carried. Restricting the size of the job to fifty and 75 maritime stat mis, the inquiry became how many gunmans should the chopper carry. It was found to be more effectual for the SH-60 anti-submarine chopper to transport two gunmans. Simply put, the putting to death chance drops excessively significantly at long scopes with three gunmans. An 87 % bead in kill chance between two and three gunmans is undoubtedly really important. We will write a custom essay sample on Helicopter Antisubmarine Operations Essay Research Paper Helicopter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, kill chance at short scopes differ by merely 17 % , and remain high while transporting both two and three gunmans. Unfortunately, our naval forces can non ever number on enemy pigboats looking within the 50 maritime stat mi scope, so it # 8217 ; s of import to hold an anti-submarine platform that retains its mission outside of this scope. If an SH-60 # 8217 ; s warhead could be increased to transporting three gunmans and 20 sonobuoys, the SH-60 loses this mission ineffectualness. Introduction Anti-submarine warfare is going an built-in portion of the protection of our naval forces in foreign seas. The proliferation of highly quiet, diesel engine pigboats has proved to be a deathly menace peculiarly in the littoral countries. To battle this soundless menace, the United States Navy developed the most capable anti-submarine chopper forces in the universe. Today # 8217 ; s SH-60 chopper, equipped with technically advanced sonobuoys, sensing equipment, and gunmans, are a great plus to protecting our surface forces from the menace of foreign pigboats. Initially, pigboats were spotted by long-range airborne antisubmarine units that patrol continuously in the assigned operational country. Once sighted, the patrol relayed the contact # 8217 ; s scope and bearing from the undertaking force. The choppers so deployed and began their hunt utilizing sonobuoys. After turn uping the pigboat, the SH-60 chopper attacked utilizing the extremely capable ADCAP gunmans. Problem The intent of this survey was to find whether or nor it is more effectual for the chopper to transport an extra gunman. Measure of Effectiveness The step of effectivity ( MOE ) used for this job was the chance that the pigboat was detected and killed by the SH-60. Goals The job was addressed through the undermentioned stairss: 1. Using the supplied information, find how much weight was available for sonobuoys and gunmans. 2. Determine whether it was more effectual to transport type A or type B sonobuoys. 3. Determine whether it was more effectual to transport two gunmans or carry three gunmans. Premises The testing of our theoretical account was based on the undermentioned premises: 1. The initial contact data point was obtained from fliting ocular periscope sensing by a long-range airborne anti-submarine unit policing continuously within the operational country of the undertaking force. 2. Information on the contact data point was non be updated during the transition of the chopper. 3. The pigboat was submerged and heading in an unknown, but changeless, way from the contact point. 4. Once the chopper reached station, it was assumed that the pigboat had no farther important motion. 5. The chopper scattered the sonobuoys in a unvarying random form over the country defined that the pigboat could perchance be in. 6. The entire distance traveled by the chopper during the deployment of the sonobuoys and gunman putting to death stage was defined as eight times the radius of the circle specifying the maximal country that the enemy pigboat could be in. 7. Maximum submerged velocity of the pigboat was 20 knots. 8. The pigboat had an initial contact scope from the undertaking force of 50 or 75 maritime stat mis. Datas The undermentioned figures give the public presentation informations that was used in making the theoretical account. ASW Helicopter Performance Data Cruising Speed ( knots ) 100.00 Fuel Consumption ( lbs per nanometer ) 5.00 Maximum Payload 2850.00 Emergency Fuel Reserve 50.00 Maximum Sonobuoy Rack Capacity 10.00 Existing Torpedo Rack Capacity 2.00 Typical Time Into Action 5.00 Figure 1 Torpedo Performance Data P ( Kill given sensing and location ) 0.50 Weight per Torpedo + Rack ( pound ) 400.00 Sonobuoy Performance Data Type A Type B Detection Radius ( nanometer ) 3.50 4.00 Detection Area ( nm^2 ) 38.47 50.24 Weight of Sonobuoy + Rack 30.00 40.00 Maximum Speed of Enemy Submarine ( knots ) 20.00 Figure 2 Model for chance of sensing To find whether transporting an extra gunman would heighten the putting to death chance of the SH-60 chopper, the critical factor proved to be the allowable warhead. We recognized that at some distances, the weight of transporting three gunmans would slightly restrict our figure of available sonobuoys, thereby cut downing the chance of sensing and finally, kill chance. In analysing this job, our first measure was to make a theoretical account that could cipher the weight available for sonobuoy usage. Since our informations assumed both changeless velocity of the pigboat and an estimate of the sensing radius in which the pigboat may be runing, we could find the exact poundage of fuel needed as a map of the distance to reach data point. From at that place, we merely added in the weight of the fuel modesty, sonobuoys, and gunmans. This gave a on the job theoretical account for the available weight for sonobuoys, which can be seen in figure 3. Figure 3 Distance to Contact ( nanometer ) 50.00 Time of Flight ( min ) 35.00 Radius of Detection ( nanometer ) 11.67 Entire Search Distance ( nanometer ) 93.33 Entire Distance Traveled ( nanometer ) 193.33 Fuel Needed ( pound ) 966.67 Round Area of Detection ( nm^2 ) 427.39 # of Torpedoes 3.00 Weight of Torpedoes 1200.00 Weight Available for Sonobuoys 633.33 However, our following measure towards our ultimate end of finding the chance of putting to death was to develop a theoretical account that could state us the chance of sensing. This depended entirely on the available sonobuoys and the hunt country. In the terminal, it was decided to utilize a theoretical account that was true optimistic. This theoretical account assumed that the sonobuoys would be placed in the country of absolute efficiency. In other words, no convergence of sensing country was accounted for in the theoretical account. However, this was non a confining factor in the truth of our testing, since the theoretical account tested the same for both two and three gunmans. Even though the theoretical account inflated the existent putting to death chance, it did so proportionately with each variable, so that the pick of transporting two or three gunmans was non affected by this inaccuracy. This is seen in figure 4. Figure 4 ( Using the # s from the above illustration ) Type A Type Bacillus Sonobuoy Capacity 6.00 4.00 Max Area of Detection 230.79 200.96 Probability of Detection 0.26 From this chance of sensing, finding our putting to death chance consisted of the simple undertaking of including the chance of putting to death of each gunman. In our theoretical account, the kill chance of a individual shooting was 50 % . Therefore, to gauge putting to death chance, we took the chance of sensing and multiplied it by 1- ( 1-P ( Kss ) ^n ) , where n reflected the figure of gunmans carried. Figure 5 ( Using the # s from above illustration ) Probability of Kill 0.23 In the terminal, the theoretical account developed an estimation of the chance of killing a pigboat based on the distance to reach data point and the figure of gunmans carried. Our concluding measure was to set our theoretical account to utilize and analyse which option for torpedo passenger car was preferred. Analysis In analysing our theoretical account for kill chance, we recognized that the distances to reach would run from really short distances of 30 maritime stat mis, all the manner up to really long distances of over 100 stat mis. However, for intents of simpleness, the scope was limited to reach distance of 50 to 75 maritime stat mis. It was besides concluded that as a normal distribution, the bulk of contact distances would happen within this scope. The analysis of each scope and torpedo passenger car is listed below: Distance to Contact ( nanometer ) 75.00 Time of Flight ( min ) 50.00 Radius of Detection ( nanometer ) 16.67 Entire Search Distance ( nanometer ) 133.33 Entire Distance Travelled ( nanometer ) 283.33 Fuel Needed ( pound ) 1416.67 Round Area of Detection ( nm^2 ) 872.22 # of Torpedoes 3.00 Weight of Torpedoes 1200.00 Weight Available for Sonobuoys 183.33 Type A Type Bacillus Sonobuoy Capacity 6.00 4.00 Max Area of Detection 230.79 200.96 Probability of Detection 0.26 Probability of Kill 0.23 Distance to Contact ( nanometer ) 75.00 Time of Flight ( min ) 50.00 Radius of Detection ( nanometer ) 16.67 Entire Search Distance ( nanometer ) 133.33 Entire Distance Travelled ( nanometer ) 283.33 Fuel Needed ( pound ) 1416.67 Round Area of Detection ( nm^2 ) 872.22 # of Torpedoes 2.00 Weight of Torpedoes 800.00 Weight Available for Sonobuoys 583.33 Type A Type Bacillus Sonobuoy Capacity 10.00 10.00 Max Area of Detection 384.65 502.40 Probability of Detection 0.58 Probability of Kill 0.43 75 MILES TO CONTACT 75 MILES TO CONTACT 3 TORPEDOES 2 TORPEDOES Figure 6 From the above informations, it is absolutely clear that, at long scopes, transporting two gunmans is more effectual than transporting three. In fact, the putting to death chance additions by a full 87 % when the added weight of an excess gunman can be used for sonobuoys. This was absolutely consistent with outlooks. It was expected that at the longer distances, the maximal weight capacity of the chopper would restrict the available figure of sonobuoys. This job was magnified when a 3rd gunman was added. However, the analysis of the shorter ranges differs: Distance to Contact ( nanometer ) 50.00 Time of Flight ( min ) 35.00 Radius of Detection ( nanometer ) 11.67 Entire Search Distance ( nanometer ) 93.33 Entire Distance Travelled ( nanometer ) 193.33 Fuel Needed ( pound ) 966.67 Round Area of Detection ( nm^2 ) 427.39 # of Torpedoes 3.00 Weight of Torpedoes 1200.00 Weight Available for Sonobuoys 633.33 Type A Type Bacillus Sonobuoy Capacity 10.00 10.00 Max Area of Detection 384.65 502.40 Probability of Detection 1.00 Probability of Kill 0.88 Distance to Contact ( nanometer ) 50.00 Time of Flight ( min ) 35.00 Radius of Detection ( nanometer ) 11.67 Entire Search Distance ( nanometer ) 93.33 Entire Distance Travelled ( nanometer ) 193.33 Fuel Needed ( pound ) 966.67 Round Area of Detection ( nm^2 ) 427.39 # of Torpedoes 2.00 Weight of Torpedoes 800.00 Weight Available for Sonobuoys 1033.33 Type A Type Bacillus Sonobuoy Capacity 10.00 10.00 Max Area of Detection 384.65 502.40 Probability of Detection 1.00 Probability of Kill 0.75 50 MILES TO CONTACT 50 MILES TO CONTACT 3 TORPEDOES 2 TORPEDOES Figure 7 At this shorter scope of 50 maritime stat mis, it becomes apparent that transporting three gunmans has some advantage over transporting merely two. Since in both instances, sonobuoys do non restrict the country of sensing, the putting to death chance depends entirely on the figure of available gunmans. In this instance, chance of a putting to death increased by 17 % when a 3rd gunman was carried. Sensitivity Testing Several variables in this theoretical account proved to be sensitive, but merely one variable was sensitive plenty to perchance alter the decision. That variable was maximal warhead, or entire weight available for passenger car. Our initial estimation of maximal warhead was 2850 pound. However, it was found that if this warhead was increased to 3100 pound, our recommendation changed: Distance to Contact ( nanometer ) 75.00 Time of Flight ( min ) 50.00 Radius of Detection ( nanometer ) 16.67 Entire Search Distance ( nanometer ) 133.33 Entire Distance Traveled ( nanometer ) 283.33 Fuel Needed ( pound ) 1416.67 Round Area of Detection ( nm^2 ) 872.22 # of Torpedoes 3.00 Weight of Torpedoes 1200.00 Weight Available for Sonobuoys 433.33 Type A Type Bacillus Sonobuoy Capacity 10.00 10.00 Max Area of Detection 384.65 502.40 Probability of Detection 0.58 Probability of Kill 0.50 Distance to Contact ( nanometer ) 75.00 Time of Flight ( min ) 50.00 Radius of Detection ( nanometer ) 16.67 Entire Search Distance ( nanometer ) 133.33 Entire Distance Traveled ( nanometer ) 283.33 Fuel Needed ( pound ) 1416.67 Round Area of Detection ( nm^2 ) 872.22 # of Torpedoes 2.00 Weight of Torpedoes 800.00 Weight Available for Sonobuoys 833.33 Type A Type Bacillus Sonobuoy Capacity 10.00 10.00 Max Area of Detection 384.65 502.40 Probability of Detection 0.58 Probability of Kill 0.43 MAXIMUM PAYLOAD = 3100 LBS MAXIMUM PAYLOAD = 3100 LBS Figure 8 We can see here that even at the longer scope of 75 maritime stat mis, the chance of putting to death remains higher while transporting three gunmans. The ground for this alteration is simple. The added warhead of the chopper takes off the disadvantage of being unable to transport maximal sonobuoys. If the warhead can be increased up to 3100 pound, our recommendation will be to increase the torpedo passenger car. Decisions From our analysis, we have come to our concluding determination. It will be more effectual for the SH-60 anti-submarine chopper to transport two gunmans. Simply put, the putting to death chance drops excessively significantly at long scopes with three gunmans. An 87 % bead in kill chance between two and three gunmans is undoubtedly really important. However, kill chance at short scopes differ by merely 17 % , and remain high while transporting both two and three gunmans. Unfortunately, our naval forces can non ever number on enemy pigboats looking within the 50 maritime stat mi scope, so it # 8217 ; s of import to hold an anti-submarine platform that retains its mission outside of this scope. If an SH-60 # 8217 ; s warhead could be increased to transporting three gunmans and 20 sonobuoys, the SH-60 loses this mission ineffectualness.

Phrases for Greeting People in English

Phrases for Greeting People in English Greetings There are a number of greetings we use when meeting people. These greetings depend on whether we are meeting people, leaving people or meeting people for the first time. Meeting People for the First Time When introduced to someone for the first time, use the following greetings: Hello, its a pleasure to meet you.How do you do. Example Dialogues Person 1: Ken, this is Steve.Person 2: Hello, its a pleasure to meet you. Person 1: How do you do.Person 2: How do you do. Note: The reply to How do you do. is How do you do. This is appropriate when you meet someone for the first time. Meeting People When meeting people during the day, use the following phrases. Formal Good morning / afternoon / eveningHow are you?Its good to see you. Informal HiHey, hows it going?Whats up? Example Dialogues Person 1: Good morning John.Person 2: Good morning. How are you? Person 1: Whats up?Person 2: Nothing much. You?